View source for Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol

{{confuse2|[[XAMPP]], a web server software stack}}
{{multiple issues|
{{refimprove|date=March 2014}}
{{inadequate lead|reason=see [[Talk:Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol#Initial summary needed]]|date=September 2012}}
}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2011}}

[[File:XMPP logo.svg|thumb|Official logo]]

'''Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol''' ('''XMPP''') is a [[communications protocol]] for [[message-oriented middleware]] based on [[XML]] (Extensible Markup Language).<ref>{{Cite jaournal | contribution-url = https://www.gnomis.org/presentasjoner/oslo2005/xmpp.pdf | contribution = XMPP as MOM | title = Greater NOrdic MIddleware Symposium (GNOMIS) | first = Leif | last = Johansson | publisher = University of Stockholm | date = April 18, 2005 | place = Oslo | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref> The protocol was originally named '''Jabber''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac49/ac0/ac1/ac258/JabberInc.html |title=Jabber Inc |publisher=Cisco.com |date= |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref> and was developed by the Jabber open-source community in 1999 for [[near real-time]], [[instant messaging]] (IM), [[presence information]], and [[contact list]] maintenance. Designed to be [[Extensibility|extensible]], the protocol has also been used for [[Publish–subscribe pattern|publish-subscribe]] systems, signalling for [[Voice over IP|VoIP]], video, file transfer, gaming, [[Internet of Things]] (IoT) applications such as the [[smart grid]], and [[social networking service]]s.

Unlike most instant messaging protocols, XMPP is defined in an [[open standard]] and uses an [[open system (computing)|open systems]] approach of development and application, by which anyone may implement an XMPP service and interoperate with other organizations' implementations. Because XMPP is an open protocol, implementations can be developed using any software license; although many server, client, and library implementations are distributed as [[free and open-source software]], numerous [[freeware]] and [[commercial software]] implementations also exist.

The [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] (IETF) formed an XMPP [[working group]] in 2002 to formalize the core protocols as an IETF instant messaging and presence technology. The XMPP Working group produced four specifications (RFC 3920, RFC 3921, RFC 3922, RFC 3923), which were approved as Proposed Standards in 2004. In 2011, RFC 3920 and RFC 3921 were superseded by RFC 6120 and RFC 6121 respectively, with RFC 6122 specifying the XMPP address format. In addition to these core protocols standardized at the IETF, the [[XMPP Standards Foundation]] (formerly the Jabber Software Foundation) is active in developing open XMPP extensions.

XMPP-based software is deployed widely across the Internet, and by 2003, was used by over ten million people worldwide, according to the [[XMPP Standards Foundation]].<ref>{{cite press release | url = https://xmpp.org/xsf/press/2003-09-22.shtml | title = Jabber Instant Messaging User Base Surpasses ICQ | publisher = [[XMPP Standards Foundation]] | date = September 22, 2003 | accessdate =November 30, 2007 }}</ref>

{{IPstack}}

== History ==
[[Jeremie Miller]] began working on the Jabber technology in 1998 and released the first version of the <tt>[[jabberd14|jabberd]]</tt> server on January 4, 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tech.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=99/01/04/1621211 |title=Open Real Time Messaging System |publisher=Tech.slashdot.org |date=1999-01-04 |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref> The early Jabber community focused on open-source software, mainly the jabberd server (e.g., version 1.0 in May 2000, version 1.2 in October 2000, and version 1.4 in February 2001), but its major outcome proved to be the development of the XMPP protocol.

The early Jabber [[Communications protocol|protocol]], as developed in 1999 and 2000, formed the basis for XMPP as published in RFC 3920 and RFC 3921 (the primary changes during formalization by the IETF's XMPP Working Group were the addition of [[Transport Layer Security|TLS]] for channel encryption and [[Simple Authentication and Security Layer|SASL]] for authentication). Note that RFC 3920 and RFC 3921 have been superseded by RFC 6120 and RFC 6121, published in 2011.

The first IM service based on XMPP was Jabber.org, which has operated continuously since 1999 and has offered free accounts to users of XMPP.<ref>[https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6489 Chatting Up the Chef] ''Linux Journal'' March 1, 2003 by Marcel Gagné</ref> From 1999 until February 2006, the service used [[jabberd14|jabberd]] as its server software, at which time it migrated to [[ejabberd]] (both of which are [[free software]] application servers). In January 2010, the service migrated to the [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] M-Link server software produced by Isode Ltd.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jabber.org/2009/08/xmpp-server-migration/ |
title=Jabber.org – XMPP Server Migration |
date=August 12, 2009 |
accessdate=December 14, 2009 }}</ref>

In August 2005, [[Google]] introduced [[Google Talk]], a combination [[Voice over IP|VoIP]] and IM system that uses XMPP for instant messaging and as a base for a voice and file transfer signaling protocol called [[Jingle (protocol)|Jingle]]. (The initial launch did not include [[inter-server|server-to-server]] communications; Google enabled that feature on January 17, 2006).<ref>{{cite web |
url=https://googletalk.blogspot.com/2006/01/xmpp-federation.html |
title=XMPP Federation |
last=Burd |
first=Gary |
date=January 17, 2006 |
accessdate=November 30, 2007 }}</ref> Google has since added video functionality to Google Talk, also using the Jingle protocol for signaling. In May 2013, Google announced Jabber compatibility would be dropped from Google Talk for server-to-server federation, although it would retain client-to-server support.<ref>{{cite web |
url=https://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/Google-s-chat-client-drops-Jabber-compatibility-1866129.html |
title=Google's chat client drops Jabber compatibility |
publisher=Heise Online|
date=May 20, 2013 |
accessdate=May 27, 2013 }}</ref> Google dropped XMPP support in [[Google Voice]] on May 15, 2014; this disrupted use of the service on XMPP-aware hardware  such as the [[Obihai Technology|Obihai]] [[analog telephone adapter]]s.<ref>https://techcrunch.com/2014/03/18/obihai-offers-new-low-cost-home-phone-options-as-technology-change-at-google-ends-free-service/</ref>

In January 2008, AOL introduced experimental XMPP support for its [[AOL Instant Messenger]] (AIM) service,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://florianjensen.com/2008/01/17/aol-adopting-xmpp-aka-jabber/|title=AOL adopting XMPP aka Jabber|date=2008-01-17|accessdate=2008-01-17|author=Florian Jensen| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080120143857/https://florianjensen.com/2008/01/17/aol-adopting-xmpp-aka-jabber/| archivedate= 20 January 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> allowing AIM users to communicate using the standardized, open-source XMPP. However, in March 2008, this service was discontinued.{{Citation needed|date=December 2010}} As of May 2011, AOL offers limited XMPP support.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aim.com/xmpp|title=AOL XMPP Gateway|date=2011-05-14|accessdate=2011-05-14| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110522092331/https://www.aim.com/xmpp| archivedate= 22 May 2011 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>

In September 2008, [[Cisco Systems]] acquired Jabber, Inc., the creators of the commercial product Jabber X*****.<ref>{{cite web |
url=https://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2008/corp_091908.html |
title=Cisco Announces Definitive Agreement to Acquire Jabber |
accessdate= January 2, 2010}}</ref>

In February 2010, the social-networking site [[Facebook]] opened up its [[Facebook Chat|chat feature]] to third-party applications via XMPP.<ref>{{cite web |
url=https://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=297991732130 |
title=Facebook Chat Now Available Everywhere |
accessdate=February 11, 2010}}</ref> The Facebook developers' site notes that Facebook Chat does not actually run an XMPP server internally, but merely presents an XMPP interface to clients; consequently, some server-side features like roster editing cannot be done via XMPP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developers.facebook.com/docs/chat/|title=Facebook Chat API|accessdate=November 29, 2011}}</ref>

Similarly, in December 2011, Microsoft released an XMPP interface to its (now-defunct) [[Microsoft Messenger service]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://windowsteamblog.com/windows_live/b/windowslive/archive/2011/12/14/anyone-can-build-a-windows-live-messenger-client-with-open-standards-access-via-xmpp.aspx |title=Anyone can build a Messenger client—with open standards access via XMPP |publisher=Windowsteamblog.com |author=Dare Obasanjo |date=2011-12-14 |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref> Skype, its de facto successor, also provides limited XMPP support.<ref>{{cite web|author=Janko Roettgers |url=https://gigaom.com/2011/06/28/skype-xmpp-support/ |title=Skype adds XMPP support, IM interoperability next? — Tech News and Analysis |publisher=Gigaom.com |date=2011-06-28 |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref> However, these are not native XMPP implementations.

== Strengths ==
;Decentralization
: The architecture of the XMPP network is similar to email; anyone can run their own XMPP server and there is no central master server.
;Open standards
: The [[Internet Engineering Task Force]] has formalized XMPP as an approved instant messaging and presence technology under the name of XMPP (the latest specifications are RFC 6120 and RFC 6121). No royalties are required to implement support of these specifications and their development is not tied to a single vendor.
;History
: XMPP technologies have been in use since 1999. Multiple implementations of the XMPP standards exist for clients, servers, components, and code libraries.
;Security
: XMPP servers can be isolated from the public XMPP network (e.g., on a company intranet), and strong security (via [[Simple Authentication and Security Layer|SASL]] and [[Transport Layer Security|TLS]]) has been built into the core XMPP specifications.
;Flexibility
: Custom functionality can be built on top of XMPP; to maintain interoperability, common extensions are managed by the [[XMPP Standards Foundation]]. XMPP applications beyond IM include groupchat, network management, content syndication, collaboration tools, file sharing, gaming, remote systems control and monitoring, geolocation, middleware and cloud computing, VoIP and Identity services.

== Weaknesses ==
;Does not support Quality of Service (QoS)
: Assured delivery of messages has to be built on-top of the XMPP layer. Normally, this is done using simple sequence number attributes in stanzas.
;Text-based communication.
: Since XML is text based, normal XMPP has a higher network overhead compared to purely binary solutions. This issue is being addressed by the experimental [https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0322.html XEP-0322: Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format], where XML is serialized in a very efficient binary manner, especially in schema-informed mode.
;In-band binary data transfer is limited
: [[Binary data]] must be first [[base64]] encoded before it can be transmitted in-band. Therefore any significant amount of binary data (e.g., [[file transfer]]s) is best transmitted [[Out-of-band data|out-of-band]], using in-band messages to coordinate. The best example of this is the [[Jingle (protocol)|Jingle]] XMPP Extension Protocol, [https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0166.html XEP-0166].

== Decentralization and addressing ==
[[Image:JabberNetwork.svg|thumb|A simple XMPP network with the servers ''jabber.org'' and ''draugr.de''. Green clients are online, yellow clients are writing each other and small green ''subclients'' are the resources of one user. The brown network is not connected to the internet. The server ''draugr.de'' is connected to other IM services (ICQ, AIM and other) via ''XMPP transports''.]]
The XMPP network uses a [[Client–server model|client–server]] architecture; clients do not talk directly to one another. The model is decentralized, anyone can run a server, but neither anonymous nor peer to peer, like [[Skype]]. By design, there is no central authoritative server as there is with services such as [[AOL Instant Messenger]] or [[Windows Live Messenger]]. Some confusion often arises on this point as there is a public XMPP server being run at <tt>jabber.org</tt>, to which a large number of users subscribe. However, anyone may run their own XMPP server on their own domain.

Every user on the network has a unique ''Jabber ID'', often abbreviated as ''JID''. To avoid requiring a central server to maintain a list of IDs, the JID is structured like an [[email address]] with a username and a [[domain name]] (or [[IP address]]<ref>RFC 6122</ref>) for the server where that user resides, separated by an [[at sign]] (<tt>@</tt>), such as <tt>username@example.com</tt>.

Since a user may wish to log in from multiple locations, they may specify a '''resource'''. A resource identifies a particular client belonging to the user (for example home, work, or mobile). This may be included in the JID by appending a slash followed by the name of the resource. For example, the full JID of a user's mobile account would be <tt>username@example.com/mobile</tt>.

Each resource may have specified a numerical value called '''priority'''. Messages simply sent to <tt>username@example.com</tt> will go to the client with highest priority, but those sent to <tt>username@example.com/mobile</tt> will go ''only'' to the mobile client. The highest priority is the one with largest numerical value.

JIDs without a username part are also valid, and may be used for system messages and control of special features on the server. A resource remains optional for these JIDs as well.

The means to route messages based on a logical endpoint identifier - the JID, instead of by an explicit IP Address present opportunities to use XMPP as an [[Overlay network]] implementation on top of different underlay networks.

== XMPP as an extensible Message Oriented Middleware (xMOM) platform ==
{{POV|date=July 2014}}
XMPP provides a general framework for messaging across a network.  Not surprisingly, this has a multitude of applications beyond traditional Instant Messaging (IM) and the distribution of Presence data.  While several [[service discovery]] protocols exist today (such as [[Zero-configuration networking|zeroconf]], or the [[Service Location Protocol]]), XMPP provides a solid base for the discovery of services (see XEP-0030 DISCO) residing locally or across a network, and the availability of these services (via Presence).

Building on its capability to support discovery across local [[Domain Name System|network domain]]s, XMPP is a perfect protocol for [[Cloud Computing]] where virtual machines, networks, and firewalls would otherwise present obstacles to alternative service discovery and presence-based solutions.  Cloud computing and storage systems rely on various levels and forms of communication, including not only messaging between systems to relay state but also the migration or distribution of larger objects, such as storage or virtual machines.  Along with authentication and in-transit data protection, XMPP can be applied at a variety of levels and may prove ideal as an extensible middleware or [[Message Oriented Middleware]] (MOM) protocol.  Widely known for its ability to exchange XML-based content (natively), it is becoming an open platform for orchestrating the exchange of other forms of content including proprietary [[binary stream]]s, [[Full Motion Video]] (FMV) content, and the transport of file-based content (see the Jingle series of extensions for numerous examples).  Here the majority of the applications have nothing to do with human communications (i.e., IM) but instead provides an open means to support [[Machine-to-Machine]] (M2M) or [[Peer-to Peer]] (P2P) communications across a diverse set of networks.

== XMPP via HTTP and WebSocket transports ==
The original and "native" transport protocol for XMPP is [[Transmission Control Protocol]] (T*****), using open-ended XML streams over long-lived T***** connections.

As an alternative to the T***** transport, the XMPP community has also developed an [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] transport for web clients as well as users behind restricted [[Firewall (computing)|firewalls]]. In the original specification, XMPP could use HTTP in two ways: ''polling''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0025.html |author=Joe Hildebrand, Craig Kaes, David Waite |title=XEP-0025: Jabber HTTP Polling |publisher=Xmpp.org |date=2009-06-03 |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref> and ''binding''. The polling method, now deprecated, essentially implies messages stored on a server-side database are being fetched (and posted) regularly by an XMPP client by way of HTTP 'GET' and 'POST' requests. The binding method, implemented using ''Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP'' ([[BOSH]]),<ref name="bosh">{{cite web|url=https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0124.html |author=Ian Paterson, Dave Smith, Peter Saint-Andre, Jack Moffitt |title=XEP-0124: Bidirectional-streams Over Synchronous HTTP ([BOSH]) |publisher=Xmpp.org |date=2010-07-02 |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref>  allows servers to push messages to clients as soon as they are sent. This push model of notification is more efficient than polling, where many of the polls return no new data.

Because the client uses HTTP, most firewalls allow clients to fetch and post messages without any hindrances. Thus, in scenarios where the T***** port used by XMPP is blocked, a server can listen on the normal HTTP port and the traffic should pass without problems. Various websites let people sign into XMPP via a browser. Furthermore, there are open public servers that listen on standard http (port 80) and https (port 443) ports, and hence allow connections from behind most firewalls. However, the IANA-registered port for BOSH is actually 5280, not 80.

A perhaps more efficient transport for real-time messaging is [[WebSocket]], a web technology providing for bi-directional, [[full-duplex]] communications channels over a single [[Transmission Control Protocol|T*****]] connection. Experimental implementations of XMPP over WebSocket exist, and a (now-expired) Internet-Draft documenting this approach was published at the IETF but not yet standardized.

== Implementations ==
XMPP is implemented by a large number of clients, servers, and code libraries.<ref>[https://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/clients/ clients], [https://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/servers/ servers], and [https://xmpp.org/xmpp-software/libraries/ code libraries]</ref> These implementations are provided under a variety of software licenses.

See:
* [[Comparison of XMPP server software]]
* [[Comparison of instant messaging clients#XMPP-related features|Comparison of IM clients with XMPP features]]

== Deployments ==
Several large public IM services natively use XMPP, including [[Google Talk]] and [[LiveJournal]]'s "LJ Talk",<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livejournal.com/support/faqbrowse.bml?faqid=270 |title=Question FAQ #270-What is LJ Talk? |publisher=Livejournal.com |date=2010-09-27 |accessdate=2012-11-24}}</ref> [[Nimbuzz]], and [[Ovi (Nokia)]]. Various hosting services, such as [[DreamHost]] and [[GMX Mail|GMX]], enable hosting customers to choose XMPP services alongside more traditional web and email services. Specialized XMPP hosting services also exist in form of [[Cloud computing|cloud]] so that domain owners need not directly run their own XMPP servers, including [[Cisco]] [[WebEx]] Connect, Chrome.pl, [https://flosoft.biz/products/jabber/ Flosoft.biz], i-pobox.net, and hosted.im.

XMPP is also used in deployments of non-IM services, including smart grid systems such as [[demand response]] applications, message-oriented middleware, and as a replacement for [[Short Message Service|SMS]] to provide text messaging on many [[smartphone]] clients.

== Extensions ==
The [[XMPP Standards Foundation]] or XSF (formerly the Jabber Software Foundation) is active in developing open XMPP extensions. However, extensions can also be defined by any individual, software project, or organization. For example, Google has defined a number of non-XSF extensions, which are used in [[Google Talk]] and [[Google+]] (e.g., for signalling related to Google Hangouts). Another example is the federation protocol in [[Apache Wave]], which is based on XMPP.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.waveprotocol.org/draft-protocol-specs/draft-protocol-spec#intro-overview|title=Google Wave Federation Protocol|publisher=Google}}</ref>

== Competing standards ==
XMPP has often been regarded as a competitor to [[SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)|SIMPLE]], based on the [[Session Initiation Protocol]] (SIP) protocol, as the standard protocol for instant messaging and presence notification.<ref>"XMPP rises to face SIMPLE standard", Infoworld magazine, April 17, 2003 [https://www.infoworld.com/d/developer-world/xmpp-rises-face-simple-standard-018 XMPP rises to face SIMPLE standard]</ref><ref>"XMPP vs SIMPLE: The race for messaging standards", Infoworld magazine, May 23, 2003 [https://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/xmpp-vs-simple-race-messaging-standards-295 Infoworld.com]</ref>

The XMPP extension for multi-user chat<ref name="autogenerated1">[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0045.html XEP-0045: Multi-User Chat]</ref> can be seen as a competitor to [[Internet Relay Chat]] (IRC), although it is not as widely used as IRC.

Similarly, the XMPP extensions for publish-subscribe<ref name="autogenerated2">[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0060.html XEP-0060: Publish-Subscribe]</ref> provide many of the same features as the [[Advanced Message Queuing Protocol]].

== Connecting to other protocols ==
[[Image:Wie ein Jabber-Transport funktioniert.svg|600px|right|thumb|Alice sends a message through the XMPP net to the ICQ transport. The message is next routed to Bob via the ICQ network.]]
One of the original design goals of the early Jabber open-source community was enabling users to connect to multiple instant messaging systems (especially non-XMPP systems) through a single client application. This was done through entities called ''transports'' or ''gateways'' to other instant messaging protocols, but also to protocols such as [[Short Message Service|SMS]] or [[email]]. Unlike [[Instant messaging|multi-protocol clients]], XMPP provides this access at the server level by communicating via special gateway services running alongside an XMPP server. Any user can "register" with one of these gateways by providing the information needed to log on to that network, and can then communicate with users of that network as though they were XMPP users. Thus, such gateways function as client proxies (the gateway authenticates on the user's behalf on the non-XMPP service). As a result, any client that fully supports XMPP can access any network with a gateway without extra code in the client, and without the need for the client to have direct access to the Internet. However, the client proxy model may violate [[terms of service]] on the protocol used (although such terms of service are not legally enforceable in several countries) and also requires the user to send their IM username and password to the third-party site that operates the transport (which may raise privacy and security concerns).

Another type of gateway is a server-to-server gateway, which enables a non-XMPP server deployment to connect to native XMPP servers using the built in interdomain federation features of XMPP. Such server-to-server gateways are offered by several enterprise IM software products, including:
* [[IBM Lotus Sametime]]<ref>"Lotus Sametime 7.5 Interoperates with AIM, Google Talk", eWeek, December 6, 2006 [https://www.eweek.com/c/a/Messaging-and-Collaboration/Lotus-Sametime-75-Interoperates-with-AIM-Google-Talk/ Eweek.com]</ref><ref>"Lotus ships gateway to integrate IM with AOL, Yahoo, Google", Network World, December 6, 2006 [https://www.networkworld.com/news/2006/120606-sametime-links-up-with-aim.html Networkworld.com]</ref>
* [[Microsoft Lync Server]] (formerly named Microsoft Office Communications Server – OCS)<ref>"Unified Communications: Uniting Communication Across Different Networks", Microsoft Press Release, October 1, 2009 [https://www.microsoft.com/Presspass/Features/2009/oct09/10-01UCInterop.mspx Microsoft.com]</ref>

== Development ==

=== IETF ===
The [[Internet Engineering Task Force|IETF]] XMPP working group has produced a number of [[Request for Comments|RFC]] protocol documents: RFC 3920 (superseded by RFC 6120), RFC 3921 (superseded by RFC 6121), RFC 3922, RFC 3923, RFC 4622, RFC 4854, RFC 4979, and RFC 6122. The most important and most widely implemented of these specifications are:
* RFC 6120, ''Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Core'', which describes [[Client–server model|client–server]] messaging using two open-ended [[XML]] streams. XML streams consist of &lt;presence/&gt;, &lt;message/&gt; and &lt;iq/&gt; (info/query). A connection is authenticated with [[Simple Authentication and Security Layer]] (SASL) and [[Encryption|encrypted]] with [[Transport Layer Security]] (TLS).
* RFC 6121, ''Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Instant Messaging and Presence'' describes [[instant messaging]] (IM), the most common application of XMPP.
* RFC 6122, ''Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP): Address Format'' describes the rules for XMPP addresses, also called JabberIDs or JIDs. Currently JIDs use Stringprep (as defined in RFC 3454) for handling of [[Unicode]] characters outside the ASCII range, but this will be changed in the future to use the technology produced by the IETF's PRECIS Working Group.

=== XSF ===
The [[XMPP Standards Foundation]] (XSF) develops and publishes extensions to XMPP through a standards process centered on ''XMPP Extension Protocols'' (XEPs, previously known as Jabber Enhancement Proposals - JEPs). The following extensions are in especially wide use:
* Data Forms<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0004.html XEP-0004: Data Forms]</ref>
* Service Discovery<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0030.html XEP-0030: Service Discovery]</ref>
* Multi-User Chat<ref name="autogenerated1"/>
* Publish-Subscribe <ref name="autogenerated2"/> and Personal Eventing Protocol<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0163.html XEP-0163: Personal Eventing Protocol]</ref>
* XHTML-IM<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0071.html XEP-0071: XHTML-IM]</ref>
* File Transfer<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0096.html XEP-0096: File Transfer]</ref>
* Entity Capabilities<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0115.html XEP-0115: Entity Capabilities]</ref>
* HTTP Binding<ref name="bosh" />
* [[Jingle (protocol)|Jingle]] for voice and video

=== Internet of Things ===
XMPP  features such as federation across domains, publish/subscribe, authentication and its security even for mobile endpoints are being used to implement the [[Internet of Things]]. Several XMPP extensions are part of the experimental implementation: Efficient XML Interchange (EXI) Format;<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0322.html XEP-0322: Efficient XML]</ref> Sensor Data;<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0323.html XEP-0323: Sensor data]</ref> Provisioning;<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0324.html XEP-0324: Provisioning]</ref> Control;<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0325.html XEP-0325: Control]</ref> Concentrators;<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0326.html XEP-0326: Concentrators]</ref> Discovery.<ref>[https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0347.html XEP-0347: Discovery]</ref>

There's a page in the XMPP wiki dedicated to Internet of Things:.<ref>[https://wiki.xmpp.org/web/Tech_pages/IoT_systems XMPP IoT Wiki]</ref> You can also subscribe to the XMPP IoT mailing list:<ref>[https://mail.jabber.org/mailman/listinfo/iot XMPP IoT mailing list]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Comparison of instant messaging clients]]
* [[Comparison of instant messaging protocols]]
* [[Comparison of XMPP server software]]
* [[Secure communication]]
* [[SIMPLE (instant messaging protocol)|SIMPLE]]

== References ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://xmpp.org/ XMPP Standards Foundation]
* [https://archive.jabber.org/userguide/ Jabber User Guide] – End user introduction to XMPP (archive)
* [https://xmpp.org/xsf/press/2004-10-04.shtml IETF Publishes XMPP RFCs]
* [https://wiki.xmpp.org/web/XMPP_Case_Studies XMPP Case Studies]
* [https://twit.tv/floss49/ Podcast: FLOSS 49: XMPP] [[Peter Saint-Andre]] interviewed by [[Randal Schwartz]] and [[Leo Laporte]]
* [https://wiki.xmpp.org/web/Tech_pages/IoT_systems XMPP wiki site IoT systems chatty things]

{{Instant messaging}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Extensible Messaging And Presence Protocol}}
[[Category:Cloud standards]]
[[Category:XML-based standards]]
[[Category:Instant messaging protocols]]
[[Category:Open standards]]
[[Category:Online chat]]
[[Category:Cross-platform software]]
[[Category:Application layer protocols]]..